Non-blocking http requests

**Describe the problem you have/What new integration you would like**

It would be nice that http requests wouldn't block. If you have a Polling component, for example for fading a led, when a http_request is waiting for response, the PollingComponent is not called until the request finishes or times out.

**Please describe your use case for this integration and alternatives you've tried:**

**Additional context**

The request names no files, tests, or entry points, so first locate the HTTP request implementation and the Polling component in the ESPHome codebase. Determine how requests currently wait for responses, then verify that polling continues while a request is pending and that timeout and response handling still work.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.