Exception/coredump handler and decoder

**What new integration you would like**

If device crashes for whatever reason, exception/core dump is lost unless device is connected via serial monitor. This makes is hard to debug software and hardware issues for devices that are "deployed" in their target locations (wall, roof...)

Having the ability to store exceptions / core dumps and analyse them afterwards could be of great help to pinpoint the problem (and improve software quality).

Analyzing dumps requires access to code in order for debugger to provide meaningful trace - something quite easily accessible with Hassio/CLI ecosystem provided by esphome.

**Please describe your use case for this integration and alternatives you've tried:**

Ideal use-case:
- device crashes (3.6, not good but not terrible)
- upon next boot, native API informs Hassio plugin that there's dump available.
- Hassio plugin shows "Decode crash" option in the device context
- Once triggered, this option pulls the last crash dump, decodes it and displays summary for novice users (hardware / software problem ) and details that might be usable for bug report.

In parallel, CLI tool for same functionality could/should be provided for users not using Hassio plugin.

**Additional info**

ESP8266 exception handling "ecosystem":
https://github.com/krzychb/EspSaveCrash
https://github.com/me-no-dev/EspExceptionDecoder

ESP32 core dump info:
https://github.com/espressif/arduino-esp32/blob/master/tools/sdk/include/esp32/esp_core_dump.h
https://docs.espressif.com/projects/esp-idf/en/latest/api-guides/core_dump.html