PN532: Support for reading ATS value + Block data

**Describe the problem you have/What new integration you would like**

Read the ATS value additionally to the UID of the card, like its possible with Arduino or Python. Also the data of a specific block would be nice.

**Please describe your use case for this integration and alternatives you've tried:**

I'm using the PN532 for door access, just using the UID is very insecure as these can be easily cloned. With Arduino or Python on a Raspberry Pi i can read much more from the card which makes it more secure.

Also, this would add automatically support for cards with the "Random UID" feature as the ATS value is still static and for example Mifare Desfire Cards with some Data inside the Blocks.

**Additional context**

The request names PN532, ATS, UID, card blocks, and Arduino or Python on Raspberry Pi as alternative integrations. Start by comparing the requested card-reading capabilities with the existing ESPHome support; done means the integration can expose ATS and selected block data, including the stated random-UID and Mifare Desfire use cases.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.