Allow throttling of text_sensor (and all sensors?)

**Describe the problem you have/What new integration you would like**
I would like text_sensor specifically (but maybe there are other sensor types that could use this too) to allow throttling of data published. I would think this would be implemented with a `throttle` filter added to the text_sensor component.

Looking at `binary_sensor`, for example, there is a `settle` filter that seems to accomplish the same goal, but has a different name than `throttle` in the main `sensor` component.

Candidate filters to be ported to other types of sensors based on time:
* `throttle`
* `heartbeat`
* `timeout`
* `debounce`

Candidate sensor types that could be time filtered (quick Google search):
* `binary_sensor`
* `text_sensor` (my use case)

Seems like most other sensors respond to commands rather than generate uncontrolled input.

**Please describe your use case for this integration and alternatives you've tried:**
In my particular case I have a UART sensor that puts out updates at a fairly high rate. In order to manage my Home Assistant database size, I'd like to limit that with a `throttle` filter.

**Additional context**
My sensor is coming from the [esphome-econet](https://github.com/esphome-econet/esphome-econet) component.