Configuration dump for board

**Describe the problem you have/What new integration you would like**
Kindly asking to add configuration ouput/dump for board (esp32/esp8266/...):
- to see board name, memory/flash sizes, image size,
- something else usefull.

**Please describe your use case for this integration and alternatives you've tried:**
Tried to use `platform:debug`, but it growing image, IMHO.

**Additional context**

Start by reviewing how the existing `platform:debug` output is produced and how board settings are exposed. Define the configuration dump fields for board name, memory and flash sizes, and image size, then verify that the output works without unnecessarily increasing the image.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.