Make SDS011 play nice with PollingComponent

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**Describe the problem you have/What new integration you would like**
I would like to trigger the sds011 sensor from my time component.

**Please describe your use case for this integration and alternatives you've tried:**
Example of use:
```time:
- platform: sntp
id: sntp_time
timezone: Europe/Amsterdam
on_time:
- seconds: 0
minutes: /5
then:
- component.update: shtc3_sensor
```
This works well for all the sensors in this project, but the moment you try with with the sds011 it seems not to be supported:
`ID 'sds011_sensor' of type sds011::SDS011Component doesn't inherit from PollingComponent. Please double check your ID is pointing to the correct value.`

**Additional context**
It works well with a set interval in the sds011 settings, but I like to trigger it based on actual time and not when the esp was booted. Ideally, if I set it to every /5 minutes, it should start heating up 4:30 and push the value at 05:00 (09:30/10:00, 14:30/15:00, etc).

Start with the SDS011 component and its interaction with the PollingComponent interface, then compare how the time component invokes component.update for other sensors. Done means a time-triggered component.update can trigger SDS011 measurements while preserving the requested warm-up and reporting timing behavior.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.