Separate Camera functionality from esp32_camera to make it reusable by other components

**Describe the problem you have/What new integration you would like**

CameraImage, CameraImageReader and maybe other functionality are now part of the esp32_camera component. Separate the camera functionality to a reusable component so other component can reuse the functionality.

**Please describe your use case for this integration and alternatives you've tried:**

I'd like to implement an IR 32x32 pixel sensor and make it as a camera available.

**Additional context**

Start by examining the esp32_camera component and the CameraImage and CameraImageReader functionality named in the request. Determine which camera pieces need to become reusable by other components, then verify that an IR 32x32 pixel sensor can expose the resulting camera functionality as the intended outcome.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.