Modify ultrasonic sensor code to include the temperature for more precision

**Describe the problem you have/What new integration you would like**

I would like to have temperature in ultrasonic distance sensor code for better precision.
I have done a little research and in its code now the speed of sound is set to 343 m/s = 19.8°C.
By default it would also be around 20°C but the arg would take the temperature (and maybe the format, default °C)
This is the formula for calculating the speed of sound in air:

Source for that: https://www.omnicalculator.com/physics/speed-of-sound#speed-of-sound-in-air

**Please describe your use case for this integration and alternatives you've tried:**

I'm building a device, which checks the water level of a water well. I want it to calculate: water height, volume of the well (in Liters and %), time to empty (so that water pump can shut down safely) and time to fill.
Everything is based on the distance so if the reading is off , the true capacity will be off.

It is possibe to make it now, but only as filters: - lambda, but its messy. You have to extract the round-trip-time from the distance (with the hardcoded temperature of 19,8°C) and then multiply it by the real speed of sound, RTT and temperature.

**Additional context**

Example config:
sensor:
- platform: ultrasonic
trigger_pin: D1
echo_pin: D2
name: "Ultrasonic Sensor"
update_interval: 1s
calc_temp: 5 or _blank_ (defaults to 20°C) or id(tempsens).state (or something like it, directly from sensor)

No file or test is named in the request. Start by locating the ultrasonic platform configuration and its temperature-related sensor input, then compare the requested default and °C option with the cited speed-of-sound formula. Done means ultrasonic distance calculations can use the configured temperature while preserving the current default behavior.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.