Add the 1 euro filter

**Describe the problem you have/What new integration you would like**
I would like the [1 euro filter](https://gery.casiez.net/1euro/) to be an option.

**Please describe your use case for this integration and alternatives you've tried:**
This is a simple filter which - compared to existing filters - smooths well AND reacts quickly.

**Additional context**
The linked page lists implementations in programmin languages, and also links to a demo where one can test the 1 euro filter and others - and compare them.

Start with the linked 1 euro filter page, its listed implementations, and the comparison demo to understand the requested behavior. Determine where a new filter option would belong in ESPHome and define completion as the filter being available and verified against the stated smoothing and responsiveness use case.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.