AMS Osram IAQ Core C sensor support

Nobody has claimed this yet.

**Describe the problem you have/What new integration you would like**
Addition of the AMS Osram IAQ Core C chip in esphome.
https://uk.rs-online.com/web/p/environmental-sensor-ics/1024162

**Please describe your use case for this integration and alternatives you've tried:**
The AMS Osram IAQ Core C chip will add value to air quality meters based on esphome. The current SGP30 and BME680 sensors vary wildly with their output. Three sensors included in one system make automatic calibrating way more effective. Two sensors not agreeing makes a more precise choice impossible, three sensors make it possible.

The AMS Osram IAQ Core C chip is currently not available in esphome, however there are a few implementations on other espressiff implementations (Tasmota or FreeRTOS). Can these be converted to esphome easily?

**Additional context**
Some code can be found here:
https://github.com/hafu/IAQCore
https://github.com/HomeKidd/ams-iaq-core-c
https://github.com/eriknl1982/IAQ_core_C_mqtt

Personally I would love to create this, I am however not adept enough in C o C++ to understand what is needed... However, testing the code on my platform will be no issue and I will gladly be of value in this regard.

Yes I have seen the previous request for this sensor, but that request became a discussion on the SGP30 and the BME680 and it's propriety Bosch library. (BSEC). Please let's avoid that here...

Start by comparing the linked IAQCore, ams-iaq-core-c, and IAQ_core_C_mqtt implementations with ESPHome's existing sensor integrations. Determine how the IAQ Core C communicates and how it should fit into ESPHome, then test it on the submitter's platform. Done means the chip is supported and provides usable air-quality readings.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.