"Window open" support for thermostat

**Describe the problem you have/What new integration you would like**
I would like a way to immediately turn off my `thermostat` heating even if it has not reached `min_heating_run_time`.

**Please describe your use case for this integration and alternatives you've tried:**
I would like to have a `min_heating_run_time` configured, to prevent cycling between on/off too often (especially since the heating valve motor has its own reaction delay time).
However, at the same time, I would like to configure an automation that immediately turns of the heating if the window in that room is opened. This should not wait until the `min_heating_run_time` has passed.

After the window has been closed, ideally I would like to immediately start heating again if necessary, even if the `min_idle_time` or `min_heating_off_time` has not passed.

**Additional context**
I could imagine this as a specific feature of the thermostat component, or as a separate preset. Allowing presets to specify different `min_x_time` values would most likely suffice for this use case. Of course, the preset switching logic would become a bit more complicated then.

The issue names no files, tests, or entry points. Begin by locating the thermostat component and its minimum-time handling, then define how window-open behavior and preset-specific timers should interact. Done means immediate heating stop and restart behavior is specified and covered by tests.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.