investigate std::format support

std::format is [supported on clang 17+](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/71777564/cant-use-stdformat-in-c20), but we're on 16.

As a part of this task:
1. Investigate what's needed to upgrade to 17.
2. Test that it works on all our compilers.
3. Test that it works on our silkworm-go release CI.

Implementation note:
clang debian packages can be installed from apt.llvm.org, and we already support it (see compiler_install.sh and llvm.sh), so this could be a matter of bumping the min version.