[Meta] Update JRuby to 10 on branch 8.19

This issue shapes a plan of updates to apply to `8.19` branch to switch to JRuby 10.0.x

### Phase 1:
Create a test branch to align to the latest JRuby `9.4.x`, a significant amount work was done in #17696 and in #17787:

- [x] https://github.com/elastic/logstash/pull/19188
- [x] https://github.com/elastic/logstash/issues/19204
- [x] https://github.com/elastic/logstash/issues/19236

### Phase 2:
- [ ] #19237 (evaluate backport of #19010 ).
- [ ] #19361
- [ ] the previous 2 was reverted in #19375, need to discuss how to move forward.

### Phase 3
- [ ] #19303. Original work for `9.4` migration to `10.0.3` is #18755. Include also the fix for SystemExit in #19017.
- [ ] Run the pipeline `logstash-supported-plugins-test-pipeline` on this test branch and check for the original report in #18872.
- [x] migration to `10.0.6` (Already included in https://github.com/elastic/logstash/pull/19291)
- [x] https://github.com/elastic/logstash/pull/18856
- [x] https://github.com/elastic/logstash/pull/18965
- [x] migration `10.0.5` -> `10.0.6` https://github.com/elastic/logstash/pull/19264