Fix SCA and sanitizer findings: score/time_daemon

> [!IMPORTANT]
> Link the implementing PR to this issue by including `Closes #77` in the PR description or commit message.

### What

Resolve all static analysis and sanitizer findings in `score/time_daemon/` so the CI jobs
added by [#42](https://github.com/eclipse-score/inc_time/issues/42) (Clang-Tidy)
and [#43](https://github.com/eclipse-score/inc_time/issues/43) (sanitizers) pass green.

### Acceptance Criteria

- [ ] Clang-Tidy CI (from [#42](https://github.com/eclipse-score/inc_time/issues/42)) reports zero new violations for `score/time_daemon/`
- [ ] Sanitizer CI (from [#43](https://github.com/eclipse-score/inc_time/issues/43)) passes green for `score/time_daemon/`
- [ ] Every suppression has an inline justification comment

### References

- [S-CORE Implementation & Detailed Design](https://eclipse-score.github.io/process_description/main/process_areas/implementation/)
- Related: #42, #43