Use Ubuntu 24.04 for every Ubuntu CI job

## Brief feature description

Before the v3.0 release, the CI should be updated to the Ubuntu 24.04 release to have another 4 years of support before github will remove the Ubuntu 24.04 runner.

Locate the repository's CI workflow definitions and identify every Ubuntu runner job. Update all Ubuntu runner references to Ubuntu 24.04, then run or inspect the affected GitHub Actions workflows to confirm that every Ubuntu CI job uses the new release before v3.0.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.