Introduce `iceoryx_core` package below `iceoryx_platform`

## Brief feature description

It may makes sense to introduce a package below platform. Here should reside packages with no dependencies at all. For instance a basic logger and the error handler.
Furthermore we could add here generic cmake building blocks which are used throughout the project.

See also this comment: https://github.com/eclipse-iceoryx/iceoryx/pull/1629#discussion_r968639242

Start by reading the discussion linked from pull request 1629 and inspecting the existing iceoryx_platform package structure and dependencies. Determine the scope of a new iceoryx_core package, including whether the basic logger, error handler, and shared CMake building blocks belong there. Done means the package structure and dependency boundaries are agreed and implemented.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.