VS Debugger does not retrieve source code from Bitbucket Data Center

For several days I have been trying to get Source Link to work with my company's Bitbucket Data Center instance, but with no success so far.

**The package**
I have created a NuGet package "sourceLinkTest" with the following project file (some details replaced by `[...]`):
```

net8.0
enable
enable
True
Use to verify Source Link functionality
False
1.0.5
$(AssemblyVersion)
$(AssemblyVersion)
[...]
https://bitbucket.[...]/scm/tjcomplayg/sourcelinktest.git
git
true
False
snupkg

embedded
true

none

all
runtime; build; native; contentfiles; analyzers; buildtransitive

```

The resulting package looks fine in the _NuGet Package Explorer_:

- Health -> Source Link: Valid
- Repository -> Type: git
- Repository -> Url: `https://bitbucket.[...]/projects/tjcomplayg/repos/sourcelinktest/browse`
- Package contents -> sourceLinkTest.dll -> PDB Sources contains `https://bitbucket.[...]/projects/tjcomplayg/repos/sourcelinktest/raw/ExceptionalClass.cs?at=aa00542ad8ee5d37a1ff69ac6a128dc6f88c1289`. In a browser, this URL yields the raw source code of the file ExceptionalClass.cs, **provided that I am authenticated via SSO.**

The _sourcelink CLI tool_ gives mixed results:
```
PS C:\Temp> sourcelink print-urls .\sourceLinkTest.dll
68c4166a442cfa9751843e5e2d5d9c06414ba32666fed9f4c64a1a7e114c8b5f sha256 csharp /_/ExceptionalClass.cs
https://bitbucket.[...]/projects/tjcomplayg/repos/sourcelinktest/raw/ExceptionalClass.cs?at=aa00542ad8ee5d37a1ff69ac6a128dc6f88c1289
f3f134e9e825e3e7268090f58b1af2bda2de513f61a09c56f48b9b8d08612abc sha256 csharp /_/obj/Debug/net8.0/sourceLinkTest.GlobalUsings.g.cs
embedded
f7a5d9789c863625e139ff99e1113a503830f6b85a88f6129916df83ac76b49e sha256 csharp /_/obj/Debug/net8.0/.NETCoreApp,Version=v8.0.AssemblyAttributes.cs
embedded
40a4271744bf84ef21d98d0c91d7dd61bb4f10d5394df12fb2983a610dda5d76 sha256 csharp /_/obj/Debug/net8.0/sourceLinkTest.AssemblyInfo.cs
embedded
```
looks fine, but
```
PS C:\Temp> sourcelink test .\sourceLinkTest.dll
1 Documents with errors:
68c4166a442cfa9751843e5e2d5d9c06414ba32666fed9f4c64a1a7e114c8b5f sha256 csharp /_/ExceptionalClass.cs
https://bitbucket.[...]/projects/tjcomplayg/repos/sourcelinktest/raw/ExceptionalClass.cs?at=aa00542ad8ee5d37a1ff69ac6a128dc6f88c1289
error: url hash does not match: 68c4166a442cfa9751843e5e2d5d9c06414ba32666fed9f4c64a1a7e114c8b5f
sourcelink test failed
```
does not. I assume that the authentication is the problem here.

**The application**
Project file of my .NET 8.0 test application:
```

WinExe
net8.0-windows
enable
enable
true

```
When the app is loaded, I call a constructor from `sourceLinkTest` that throws an exception. For my tests I start my app with the Visual Studio Debugger attached.

**Expectation**
When the exception is thrown, the debugger displays the code containing the `throw` statement (= source code of the package).

**Observation**
When the exception is thrown, the highlighted line is where the constructor is called (= source code of the app), not the place where the exception is thrown (= source code of the package). If I "Go to [the] definition" of the constructor, I see disassembled code, not the original source.

**Debug output**
I see zero output related to Source Link in the Debug output pane, especially no HTTP status code.
However, for about two seconds a dialog is displayed saying

> Locating Source
> The debugger is locating source files. Please wait.
> / _/ExceptionalClass.cs"

Do you have any suggestions how to further debug this issue and get Source Link working?