`Tracking` Error reporting improvements

Related to #1102, this issue could act as an overall list for all the issues relating to error reporting from the compiler. I'll start the ball rolling by adding the ones mentioned in that issue plus a few more.

### Up for grabs!
- [ ] #12341
- [ ] #1160
- [ ] #2739
- [ ] #2799
- [x] #2828
- [ ] #2321
- [x] #3302
- [ ] #3765
- [ ] #4233
- [ ] #4232
- [ ] #5476
- [ ] #5259
- [ ] #8127
- [ ] #10167
- [x] #6873
- [ ] #18170

### More discussion / on hold
- [ ] #13014
- [x] #13013
- [ ] #13012
- [ ] #1107
- [x] #1120
- [ ] #1136
- [ ] #1348
- [ ] #1384
- [ ] #2277
- [ ] #1826
- [ ] #1511
- [ ] #1442
- [ ] #5236
- [ ] #5475
- [x] #6687
- [x] #6717
- [x] #11234
- [ ] #12586
- [ ] #10564
- [x] #11445

### Implemented!
- [x] #18171
- [x] #1429
- [x] #6712
- [x] #1161
- [x] #6872
- [x] #11468
- [x] #1102
- [x] #1104
- [x] #1105
- [x] #1110
- [x] #1122
- [x] #1127
- [x] #1129
- [x] #1157
- [x] #1162
- [x] #1170
- [x] #1214
- [x] #1275
- [x] #1203
- [x] #1276
- [x] #1112
- [x] #1108
- [x] #1232
- [x] #1280
- [x] #1834
- [x] #1109
- [x] #2561
- [x] #1218
- [x] #326
- [x] #1905
- [x] #1933
- [x] #1430
- [x] #2268
- [x] #569
- [x] #4228
- [x] #5114
- [x] #4982
- [x] #8091
- [x] #1121
- [x] #2201 (more discussion?)
- [x] #2307 (should still be open for more "complete" fix)
- [x] #920
- [x] #1431

### Rejected
- [x] #1106
- [x] #1128

## Contributing

If you have ideas for other error messages, please adhere to the following standard for new issues: -
1. Title the issue "Improve Error Reporting: "
2. Each issue should have the following elements: -

a. What - reproduction of the error through a code snippet and compiler error / warning.
b. Why - why the current compiler error / warning is insufficient.
c. How - how you would improve the current error / warning with an alternative example.