Salvage content from the .NET Introduction, Terminology section

The Terminology section of the .NET Introduction article was deleted from that article recently. Review the deleted content and add to the Glossary any content from the Terminology section that that would be helpful in the Glossary.

[Latest version of the Terminology section](https://github.com/dotnet/docs/blob/6289380fc7eb823bc63d62534f50762d8a09863b/docs/core/introduction.md#terminology)

---
#### Document Details

⚠ *Do not edit this section. It is required for docs.microsoft.com ➟ GitHub issue linking.*

* ID: aa071095-4eb6-20c1-ca26-f34da6fcbdf8
* Version Independent ID: 2b2efd49-b0c8-9a13-525a-d04c802d2bef
* Content: [.NET Glossary](https://docs.microsoft.com/en-us/dotnet/standard/glossary)
* Content Source: [docs/standard/glossary.md](https://github.com/dotnet/docs/blob/main/docs/standard/glossary.md)
* Product: **dotnet-fundamentals**
* GitHub Login: @tdykstra
* Microsoft Alias: **tdykstra**