Add access to MqttClientPublishResult for managed client

### Describe the feature request
Hello, would it be possible to add callback that lets you access `MqttClientPublishResult` of the message published using managed clients `EnqueueAsync`? Optionally would it be possible to add this information into `ApplicationMessageProcessedEventArgs`? Whichever works better with your architecture.
Currently I am able to access this information only when using regular client `PublishAsync`.

### Which project is your feature request related to?
- ManagedClient

### Describe the solution you'd like / Describe alternatives you've considered
- New callback in managed client containing `MqttClientPublishResult` and ID of the enqueued managed application message.
- New property in `ApplicationMessageProcessedEventArgs` containing publish result.

Start by locating the ManagedClient implementation, its EnqueueAsync entry point, and ApplicationMessageProcessedEventArgs. Review how regular PublishAsync exposes MqttClientPublishResult and decide which proposed callback or event-argument property fits the existing architecture. Done means managed-client callers can access the publish result and enqueued message ID, with the relevant behavior covered by tests.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.