Image for a running container not visible in docker image ls -a

Description

$ docker inspect 9371b7fe62b8 | grep Image | head -n 1
        "Image": "sha256:97dcb0478f1af61327f1445da0f8e79490393eef9ad044ab07b64352f445841b",
$ docker image ls -a | grep 97

Reproduce

I don't have a clear idea how this situation came about. I checked with containerd disabled and it doesn't make the image visible.

Expected behavior

docker image ls -a should show all images

docker version

Client:
 Cloud integration: v1.0.35+desktop.13
 Version:           26.0.0
 API version:       1.45
 Go version:        go1.21.8
 Git commit:        2ae903e
 Built:             Wed Mar 20 15:14:46 2024
 OS/Arch:           darwin/arm64
 Context:           desktop-linux

Server: Docker Desktop 4.29.0 (145265)
 Engine:
  Version:          26.0.0
  API version:      1.45 (minimum version 1.24)
  Go version:       go1.21.8
  Git commit:       8b79278
  Built:            Wed Mar 20 15:18:02 2024
  OS/Arch:          linux/arm64
  Experimental:     false
 containerd:
  Version:          1.6.28
  GitCommit:        ae07eda36dd25f8a1b98dfbf587313b99c0190bb
 runc:
  Version:          1.1.12
  GitCommit:        v1.1.12-0-g51d5e94
 docker-init:
  Version:          0.19.0
  GitCommit:        de40ad0

docker info

Client:
 Version:    26.0.0
 Context:    desktop-linux
 Debug Mode: false
 Plugins:
  buildx: Docker Buildx (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v0.13.1-desktop.1
    Path:     /Users/betelgeuse/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-buildx
  compose: Docker Compose (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v2.26.1-desktop.1
    Path:     /Users/betelgeuse/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-compose
  debug: Get a shell into any image or container. (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  0.0.27
    Path:     /Users/betelgeuse/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-debug
  dev: Docker Dev Environments (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v0.1.2
    Path:     /Users/betelgeuse/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-dev
  extension: Manages Docker extensions (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v0.2.23
    Path:     /Users/betelgeuse/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-extension
  feedback: Provide feedback, right in your terminal! (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v1.0.4
    Path:     /Users/betelgeuse/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-feedback
  init: Creates Docker-related starter files for your project (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v1.1.0
    Path:     /Users/betelgeuse/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-init
  sbom: View the packaged-based Software Bill Of Materials (SBOM) for an image (Anchore Inc.)
    Version:  0.6.0
    Path:     /Users/betelgeuse/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-sbom
  scout: Docker Scout (Docker Inc.)
    Version:  v1.6.3
    Path:     /Users/betelgeuse/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-scout
WARNING: Plugin "/Users/betelgeuse/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-scan" is not valid: failed to fetch metadata: fork/exec /Users/betelgeuse/.docker/cli-plugins/docker-scan: no such file or directory

Server:
 Containers: 6
  Running: 5
  Paused: 0
  Stopped: 1
 Images: 9
 Server Version: 26.0.0
 Storage Driver: overlayfs
  driver-type: io.containerd.snapshotter.v1
 Logging Driver: json-file
 Cgroup Driver: cgroupfs
 Cgroup Version: 2
 Plugins:
  Volume: local
  Network: bridge host ipvlan macvlan null overlay
  Log: awslogs fluentd gcplogs gelf journald json-file local splunk syslog
 Swarm: inactive
 Runtimes: io.containerd.runc.v2 runc
 Default Runtime: runc
 Init Binary: docker-init
 containerd version: ae07eda36dd25f8a1b98dfbf587313b99c0190bb
 runc version: v1.1.12-0-g51d5e94
 init version: de40ad0
 Security Options:
  seccomp
   Profile: unconfined
  cgroupns
 Kernel Version: 6.6.22-linuxkit
 Operating System: Docker Desktop
 OSType: linux
 Architecture: aarch64
 CPUs: 8
 Total Memory: 7.755GiB
 Name: docker-desktop
 ID: a2bceada-b6cf-4ac8-86ea-a1667694c960
 Docker Root Dir: /var/lib/docker
 Debug Mode: true
  File Descriptors: 108
  Goroutines: 149
  System Time: 2024-04-14T17:55:47.999347719Z
  EventsListeners: 19
 HTTP Proxy: http.docker.internal:3128
 HTTPS Proxy: http.docker.internal:3128
 No Proxy: hubproxy.docker.internal
 Labels:
  com.docker.desktop.address=unix:///Users/betelgeuse/Library/Containers/com.docker.docker/Data/docker-cli.sock
 Experimental: false
 Insecure Registries:
  hubproxy.docker.internal:5555
  127.0.0.0/8
 Live Restore Enabled: false

WARNING: daemon is not using the default seccomp profile

Additional Info

docker info output shows nine images. However, docker image ls only has five.

Start by reproducing the discrepancy with docker inspect, docker image ls -a, and docker info using the reported Docker 26.0.0 setup. The issue names no source files or tests, and its creation conditions are unknown, so trace the CLI image-listing entry point and add a focused regression test once the cause is identified. Done means images referenced by running containers appear in docker image ls -a.