Use official features to assemble official devcontainers

In order to reduce maintenance and increase the number of users of [devcontainer features](https://containers.dev/features) (from https://github.com/devcontainers/features and https://github.com/devcontainers-contrib/features) it would be great if the provided official images would the base image with a set of features added on top. If some features are missing (like C++), add them.