[CT-2905] [Feature] Give node information when raising ValidationError

### Is this your first time submitting a feature request?

- [X] I have read the [expectations for open source contributors](https://docs.getdbt.com/docs/contributing/oss-expectations)
- [X] I have searched the existing issues, and I could not find an existing issue for this feature
- [X] I am requesting a straightforward extension of existing dbt functionality, rather than a Big Idea better suited to a discussion

### Describe the feature

https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-core/pull/6025 added validation errors for materializations. This is useful, however they don't tell you which node the error was found in, which can make for a fun needle-in-haystack operation as found by [this slack user](https://getdbt.slack.com/archives/CBSQTAPLG/p1690955453824599).

```
06:52:49 Encountered an error:
Parsing Error
at path []: A snapshot must have a materialized value of 'snapshot'
```

This feature would be to include the node in the error message

### Describe alternatives you've considered

Searching manually

### Who will this benefit?

Folks who misconfigure things by accident.

### Are you interested in contributing this feature?

YES!

### Anything else?

_No response_