[CT-2169] [Bug] All global configs should also be settable in ProjectFlags

_Opening from https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-core/issues/6903#issuecomment-1437439141_

There are some "global configs" that are supported as params (flag / env var), but missing in [`ProjectFlags`](https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-core/blob/3e2ec1601b4c41abe4640124be88ee38bd0569e2/core/dbt/contracts/project.py#L297-L318).

Acceptance criteria:
- All "global configs" should be settable in three places (CLI flag, env var, `dbt_project.yml`). [These decorators](https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-core/blob/a1b067c683212bccd9bc10f6e52bcdd168ccf7ec/core/dbt/cli/main.py#L129-L158), documented here:
https://docs.getdbt.com/reference/global-configs
- EXCEPT configs whose type is `click.Path` (`--log-path`, `--target-path`), which do not make sense to define in a separate file

Relevant, but very much out of scope for this issue:
- #6207