[CT-775] [Enhancement] `dbt deps` does not correctly resolve local dependency of local dependency

### Is there an existing issue for this?

- [X] I have searched the existing issues

### Current Behavior

Suppose there are the following [local dependency](https://docs.getdbt.com/docs/building-a-dbt-project/package-management#local-packages) relations: `pkg1` => `pkg2` => `pkg3`.
Then, the directory of `pkg3` is specified by `packages.yml` file of `pkg2`. But, when running `dbt deps` in `pkg1`, `pkg3` is searched from `pkg1`'s directory, not from `pkg2`'s directory.

### Expected Behavior

The directory of `pkg3` should be resolved from `pkg2`'s directory, so that `pkg3` can be found regardless of the location of `pkg1`.

### Steps To Reproduce

I've prepared a minimal repro: https://github.com/skirino/dbt_local_dep_path_issue

1. `git clone https://github.com/skirino/dbt_local_dep_path_issue.git`
2. `cd dbt_local_dep_path_issue/b/c`
3. `dbt deps`

```
[2022-06-27 21:01:17] $ dbt deps [~/tmp/dbt_local_dep_path_issue/b/c] 0s
12:01:20 Running with dbt=1.1.1
12:01:21 Encountered an error:
Runtime Error
no dbt_project.yml found at expected path /Users/skirino/tmp/dbt_local_dep_path_issue/b/common2/dbt_project.yml
```

### Relevant log output

_No response_

### Environment

```markdown
- OS: macOS 12.4
- Python: 3.7.13
- dbt: 1.1.1
```

### What database are you using dbt with?

snowflake

### Additional Context

This is the same issue as described in https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-core/issues/4538#issuecomment-1127034448, but I think it deserves a separate issue.