[Spec Update] Refactor dimension `type_params` to instead be separate `CategoricalDimension` and `TimeDimension` interfaces

### Is this your first time submitting a feature request?

- [X] I have read the [expectations for open source contributors](https://docs.getdbt.com/docs/contributing/oss-expectations)
- [X] I have searched the existing issues, and I could not find an existing issue for this feature
- [X] I am requesting a straightforward change to existing dbt-semantic-interfaces functionality, rather than a Big Idea better suited to a discussion

### Describe the feature

Right now having Dimension be agnostic of it's type forces us to do validation all throughout the codebase. So breaking up these into two different classes makes it a lot easier for us to break up the code!

### Describe alternatives you've considered

_No response_

### Who will this benefit?

_No response_

### Are you interested in contributing this feature?

_No response_

### Anything else?

_No response_