[Feature] Provide `query_id` in the Adapter Response

### Is this your first time submitting a feature request?

- [X] I have read the [expectations for open source contributors](https://docs.getdbt.com/docs/contributing/oss-expectations)
- [X] I have searched the existing issues, and I could not find an existing issue for this feature
- [X] I am requesting a straightforward extension of existing dbt-redshift functionality, rather than a Big Idea better suited to a discussion

### Describe the feature

I want to be able to capture the query ID of the statement used to load a model.

This will be helpful if we ever need to troubleshoot or diagnose a particular model load by taking the query ID and cross-referencing it in the various system tables that give stats & metrics for every query that is run.

### Describe alternatives you've considered

I am unsure of an alternative for how to capture the exact query ID that was run for a model besides capturing it in the adapter and providing it in the Adapter Response, which will then save it to the JSON artifacts.

### Who will this benefit?

This will be helpful for database administrators, data engineers, and data analysts in needing to troubleshoot or diagnose performance issues with a particular dbt build.

### Are you interested in contributing this feature?

Yes

### Anything else?

Reference to the `dbt-snowflake` adapter where they are capturing `query_id` in the adapter response: https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-snowflake/blob/f95b9192f6eec9af4e30eaab87f9e3412febf7d1/dbt/adapters/snowflake/connections.py#L456-L461