[ADAP-802] [Bug] Unable to read Iceberg tables when using session connection

### Is this a new bug in dbt-spark?

- [X] I believe this is a new bug in dbt-spark
- [X] I have searched the existing issues, and I could not find an existing issue for this bug

### Current Behavior

A dbt-spark project using the session connection method is unable to read Iceberg tables from Glue catalog due to a `pyspark.sql.utils.AnalysisException` with `desc = SHOW TABLE EXTENDED is not supported for v2 tables` .

I did some digging and I think the issue is related to [the exception_handler](https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-spark/blob/097534b9962a8ff2aec098584924b43d6f77c4f2/dbt/adapters/spark/connections.py#L340) in `connections.py`

In particular, this block:
```
except Exception as exc:
logger.debug("Error while running:\n{}".format(sql))
logger.debug(exc)
if len(exc.args) == 0:
raise
```

I've verified that my job is hitting the `len(exc.args) == 0` condition, probably because I'm using the session connection method, but I haven't verified that.

I was able to work around this error in my local environment by raising a `DbtRuntimeError` with the `desc` from the orginal exception, instead of just re-raising the original exception itself.

Is there any reason this method should ever re-raise the original error instead of a `DbtRuntimeError`?

### Expected Behavior

The `pyspark.sql.utils.AnalysisException` should have been wrapped in a `DbtRuntimeError`, and thus handled by the existing logic that checks for this specific error message to deal with Iceberg table metadata properly.

### Steps To Reproduce

1) Run dbt-spark in a project configured with the session connection method
2) Run a model that reads an Iceberg table from Glue
3) Observe that the run fails due to a `pyspark.sql.utils.AnalysisException`

### Relevant log output

```shell
20:04:36.994919 [error] [MainThread]: Encountered an error:
SHOW TABLE EXTENDED is not supported for v2 tables.;
ShowTableExtended *, [namespace#21, tableName#22, isTemporary#23, information#24]
+- ResolvedNamespace org.apache.iceberg.spark.SparkCatalog@50b0402d, [dbt_iceberg_db]
20:04:37.002637 [error] [MainThread]: Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/cli/requires.py", line 87, in wrapper
result, success = func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/cli/requires.py", line 72, in wrapper
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/cli/requires.py", line 143, in wrapper
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/cli/requires.py", line 172, in wrapper
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/cli/requires.py", line 219, in wrapper
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/cli/requires.py", line 259, in wrapper
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/cli/main.py", line 278, in docs_generate
results = task.run()
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/task/generate.py", line 206, in run
compile_results = CompileTask.run(self)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/task/runnable.py", line 468, in run
result = self.execute_with_hooks(selected_uids)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/task/runnable.py", line 428, in execute_with_hooks
self.before_run(adapter, selected_uids)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/task/runnable.py", line 415, in before_run
self.populate_adapter_cache(adapter)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/task/runnable.py", line 406, in populate_adapter_cache
adapter.set_relations_cache(self.manifest)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/adapters/base/impl.py", line 473, in set_relations_cache
self._relations_cache_for_schemas(manifest, required_schemas)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/adapters/base/impl.py", line 450, in _relations_cache_for_schemas
for relation in future.result():
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/concurrent/futures/_base.py", line 451, in result
return self.__get_result()
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/concurrent/futures/_base.py", line 403, in __get_result
raise self._exception
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/concurrent/futures/thread.py", line 58, in run
result = self.fn(*self.args, **self.kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/utils.py", line 465, in connected
return func(*args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/adapters/spark/impl.py", line 213, in list_relations_without_caching
show_table_extended_rows = self.execute_macro(LIST_RELATIONS_MACRO_NAME, kwargs=kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/adapters/base/impl.py", line 1054, in execute_macro
result = macro_function(**kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/clients/jinja.py", line 330, in __call__
return self.call_macro(*args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/clients/jinja.py", line 257, in call_macro
return macro(*args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/jinja2/runtime.py", line 763, in __call__
return self._invoke(arguments, autoescape)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/jinja2/runtime.py", line 777, in _invoke
rv = self._func(*arguments)
File "", line 21, in macro
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/jinja2/sandbox.py", line 393, in call
return __context.call(__obj, *args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/jinja2/runtime.py", line 298, in call
return __obj(*args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/clients/jinja.py", line 330, in __call__
return self.call_macro(*args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/clients/jinja.py", line 257, in call_macro
return macro(*args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/jinja2/runtime.py", line 763, in __call__
return self._invoke(arguments, autoescape)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/jinja2/runtime.py", line 777, in _invoke
rv = self._func(*arguments)
File "", line 33, in macro
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/jinja2/sandbox.py", line 393, in call
return __context.call(__obj, *args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/jinja2/runtime.py", line 298, in call
return __obj(*args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/clients/jinja.py", line 330, in __call__
return self.call_macro(*args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/clients/jinja.py", line 257, in call_macro
return macro(*args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/jinja2/runtime.py", line 763, in __call__
return self._invoke(arguments, autoescape)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/jinja2/runtime.py", line 777, in _invoke
rv = self._func(*arguments)
File "", line 52, in macro
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/jinja2/sandbox.py", line 393, in call
return __context.call(__obj, *args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/jinja2/runtime.py", line 298, in call
return __obj(*args, **kwargs)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/adapters/base/impl.py", line 290, in execute
return self.connections.execute(sql=sql, auto_begin=auto_begin, fetch=fetch, limit=limit)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/adapters/sql/connections.py", line 146, in execute
_, cursor = self.add_query(sql, auto_begin)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/adapters/sql/connections.py", line 80, in add_query
cursor.execute(sql, bindings)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/adapters/spark/session.py", line 208, in execute
self._cursor.execute(sql)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/dbt/adapters/spark/session.py", line 110, in execute
self._df = spark_session.sql(sql)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pyspark/sql/session.py", line 1034, in sql
return DataFrame(self._jsparkSession.sql(sqlQuery), self)
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/py4j/java_gateway.py", line 1321, in __call__
return_value = get_return_value(
File "/opt/conda/lib/python3.10/site-packages/pyspark/sql/utils.py", line 196, in deco
raise converted from None
pyspark.sql.utils.AnalysisException: SHOW TABLE EXTENDED is not supported for v2 tables.;
ShowTableExtended *, [namespace#21, tableName#22, isTemporary#23, information#24]
+- ResolvedNamespace org.apache.iceberg.spark.SparkCatalog@50b0402d, [dbt_iceberg_db]
```

### Environment

```markdown
- OS: Ubuntu 22.04.1 LTS
- Python: 3.10.8
- dbt-core: 1.6.0
- dbt-spark: 1.6.0
```

### Additional Context

_No response_