[Feature] Add support for Snowflake Workload Identity Federation

### Is this your first time submitting a feature request?

- [x] I have read the [expectations for open source contributors](https://docs.getdbt.com/docs/contributing/oss-expectations)
- [x] I have searched the existing issues, and I could not find an existing issue for this feature
- [x] I am requesting a straightforward extension of existing dbt functionality, rather than a Big Idea better suited to a discussion

### Describe the feature

Snowflake now supports Workload Identity Federation, and we want this to be usable by dbt customers. Per a recent offline discussion, this work should be straightforward and seems acceptable to all.

### Describe alternatives you've considered

_No response_

### Who will this benefit?

DBT + Snowflake customers with service use-cases, running on supported platforms.

### Are you interested in contributing this feature?

Yes

### Anything else?

_No response_