[Feature] Support BigQuery location configuration for BigQuery adapter

### Is this your first time submitting a feature request?

- [x] I have read the [expectations for open source contributors](https://docs.getdbt.com/docs/contributing/oss-expectations)
- [x] I have searched the existing issues, and I could not find an existing issue for this feature
- [x] I am requesting a straightforward extension of existing dbt functionality, rather than a Big Idea better suited to a discussion

### Describe the feature

I would like to be able to configure the location properties of the profile target used in functional testing of the BigQuery adapter. Currently there is an option for the configuration of DataProc but not for BigQuery.

### Describe alternatives you've considered

I attempted to set default properties across `gcloud`/`bq` CLIs but these were not picked up.

### Who will this benefit?

This will benefit those unable to rely on default profile settings to run integration tests. In my case, organisation policies prevent me from contributing on [this](https://github.com/dbt-labs/dbt-adapters/issues/585) issue as I'm unable to create jobs against the default US location and cannot test my work.

### Are you interested in contributing this feature?

Yes, I have a branch with a potential update ready

### Anything else?

_No response_