Dask Nunique bug under dask 2024.2.1

Hello guys,
Take this CSV as an example dataframe. I am sorry but I could set an example dataframe by coding able to reproduce such bug
[teste.csv](https://github.com/dask/dask/files/14518393/teste.csv)

Now, lets open and execute the query on the example dataframe under dask 2023.10.0:

```
import dask.dataframe as dd
ddf = dd.read_csv('teste.csv', dtype = {'status':'category', 'produto':'category','parceiro':'category',
'mci' : 'Int32','marca':'category', 'sku' :'string', 'cod_transacao': 'string', 'forma_pagamento':'category',
'gmv' : 'Float32', 'receita' : 'Float32', 'cashback':'Float32'})
base_consumo = ddf.groupby(['mci', 'marca'], dropna=False, observed=True)['marca'].nunique().to_frame()
base_consumo.head()
```

Runs ok!

Now, lets do the same test under dask 2024.2.1

```
import dask.dataframe as dd
ddf = dd.read_csv('teste.csv', dtype = {'status':'category', 'produto':'category','parceiro':'category',
'mci' : 'Int32','marca':'category', 'sku' :'string', 'cod_transacao': 'string', 'forma_pagamento':'category',
'gmv' : 'Float32', 'receita' : 'Float32', 'cashback':'Float32'})
base_consumo = ddf.groupby(['mci', 'marca'], dropna=False, observed=True)['marca'].nunique().to_frame()
base_consumo.head()
```
```

---------------------------------------------------------------------------
KeyError Traceback (most recent call last)
File [c:\Users\fabio\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\dask\dataframe\utils.py:194](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/utils.py:194), in raise_on_meta_error(funcname, udf)
[193](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/utils.py:193) try:
--> [194](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/utils.py:194) yield
[195](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/utils.py:195) except Exception as e:

File [c:\Users\fabio\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\dask\dataframe\core.py:7174](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7174), in _emulate(func, udf, *args, **kwargs)
[7173](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7173) with raise_on_meta_error(funcname(func), udf=udf), check_numeric_only_deprecation():
-> [7174](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7174) return func(*_extract_meta(args, True), **_extract_meta(kwargs, True))

File [c:\Users\fabio\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\dask\dataframe\groupby.py:781](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:781), in _nunique_df_aggregate(df, levels, name, sort)
[780](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:780) def _nunique_df_aggregate(df, levels, name, sort=False):
--> [781](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:781) return df.groupby(level=levels, sort=sort, observed=True)[name].nunique()

File [c:\Users\fabio\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pandas\core\groupby\generic.py:1951](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/pandas/core/groupby/generic.py:1951), in DataFrameGroupBy.__getitem__(self, key)
[1947](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/pandas/core/groupby/generic.py:1947) raise ValueError(
[1948](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/pandas/core/groupby/generic.py:1948) "Cannot subset columns with a tuple with more than one element. "
[1949](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/pandas/core/groupby/generic.py:1949) "Use a list instead."
[1950](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/pandas/core/groupby/generic.py:1950) )
-> [1951](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/pandas/core/groupby/generic.py:1951) return super().__getitem__(key)

File [c:\Users\fabio\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pandas\core\base.py:244](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/pandas/core/base.py:244), in SelectionMixin.__getitem__(self, key)
[243](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/pandas/core/base.py:243) if key not in self.obj:
--> [244](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/pandas/core/base.py:244) raise KeyError(f"Column not found: {key}")
[245](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/pandas/core/base.py:245) ndim = self.obj[key].ndim

KeyError: 'Column not found: marca'

The above exception was the direct cause of the following exception:

ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[3], [line 1](vscode-notebook-cell:?execution_count=3&line=1)
----> [1](vscode-notebook-cell:?execution_count=3&line=1) base_consumo = ddf.groupby(['mci', 'marca'], dropna=False, observed=True)['marca'].nunique().to_frame()
[2](vscode-notebook-cell:?execution_count=3&line=2) base_consumo.head()

File [c:\Users\fabio\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\dask\dataframe\groupby.py:3078](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3078), in SeriesGroupBy.nunique(self, split_every, split_out)
[3075](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3075) else:
[3076](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3076) chunk = _nunique_series_chunk
-> [3078](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3078) return aca(
[3079](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3079) [self.obj, self.by]
[3080](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3080) if not isinstance(self.by, list)
[3081](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3081) else [self.obj] + self.by,
[3082](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3082) chunk=chunk,
[3083](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3083) aggregate=_nunique_df_aggregate,
[3084](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3084) combine=_nunique_df_combine,
[3085](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3085) token="series-groupby-nunique",
[3086](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3086) chunk_kwargs={"levels": levels, "name": name},
[3087](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3087) aggregate_kwargs={"levels": levels, "name": name},
[3088](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3088) combine_kwargs={"levels": levels},
[3089](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3089) split_every=split_every,
[3090](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3090) split_out=split_out,
[3091](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3091) split_out_setup=split_out_on_index,
[3092](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3092) sort=self.sort,
[3093](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/groupby.py:3093) )

File [c:\Users\fabio\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\dask\dataframe\core.py:7128](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7128), in apply_concat_apply(args, chunk, aggregate, combine, meta, token, chunk_kwargs, aggregate_kwargs, combine_kwargs, split_every, split_out, split_out_setup, split_out_setup_kwargs, sort, ignore_index, **kwargs)
[7126](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7126) if meta is no_default:
[7127](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7127) meta_chunk = _emulate(chunk, *args, udf=True, **chunk_kwargs)
-> [7128](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7128) meta = _emulate(
[7129](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7129) aggregate, _concat([meta_chunk], ignore_index), udf=True, **aggregate_kwargs
[7130](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7130) )
[7131](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7131) meta = make_meta(
[7132](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7132) meta,
[7133](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7133) index=(getattr(make_meta(dfs[0]), "index", None) if dfs else None),
[7134](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7134) parent_meta=dfs[0]._meta,
[7135](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7135) )
[7137](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7137) graph = HighLevelGraph.from_collections(final_name, layer, dependencies=(chunked,))

File [c:\Users\fabio\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\dask\dataframe\core.py:7173](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7173), in _emulate(func, udf, *args, **kwargs)
[7168](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7168) def _emulate(func, *args, udf=False, **kwargs):
[7169](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7169) """
[7170](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7170) Apply a function using args / kwargs. If arguments contain dd.DataFrame /
[7171](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7171) dd.Series, using internal cache (``_meta``) for calculation
[7172](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7172) """
-> [7173](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7173) with raise_on_meta_error(funcname(func), udf=udf), check_numeric_only_deprecation():
[7174](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/core.py:7174) return func(*_extract_meta(args, True), **_extract_meta(kwargs, True))

File [c:\Users\fabio\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\contextlib.py:158](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/contextlib.py:158), in _GeneratorContextManager.__exit__(self, typ, value, traceback)
[156](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/contextlib.py:156) value = typ()
[157](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/contextlib.py:157) try:
--> [158](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/contextlib.py:158) self.gen.throw(value)
[159](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/contextlib.py:159) except StopIteration as exc:
[160](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/contextlib.py:160) # Suppress StopIteration *unless* it's the same exception that
[161](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/contextlib.py:161) # was passed to throw(). This prevents a StopIteration
[162](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/contextlib.py:162) # raised inside the "with" statement from being suppressed.
[163](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/contextlib.py:163) return exc is not value

File [c:\Users\fabio\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\dask\dataframe\utils.py:215](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/utils.py:215), in raise_on_meta_error(funcname, udf)
[206](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/utils.py:206) msg += (
[207](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/utils.py:207) "Original error is below:\n"
[208](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/utils.py:208) "------------------------\n"
(...)
[212](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/utils.py:212) "{2}"
[213](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/utils.py:213) )
[214](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/utils.py:214) msg = msg.format(f" in `{funcname}`" if funcname else "", repr(e), tb)
--> [215](file:///C:/Users/fabio/AppData/Local/Programs/Python/Python312/Lib/site-packages/dask/dataframe/utils.py:215) raise ValueError(msg) from e

ValueError: Metadata inference failed in `_nunique_df_aggregate`.

You have supplied a custom function and Dask is unable to
determine the type of output that that function returns.

To resolve this please provide a meta= keyword.
The docstring of the Dask function you ran should have more information.

Original error is below:
------------------------
KeyError('Column not found: marca')

Traceback:
---------
File "c:\Users\fabio\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\dask\dataframe\utils.py", line 194, in raise_on_meta_error
yield
File "c:\Users\fabio\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\dask\dataframe\core.py", line 7174, in _emulate
return func(*_extract_meta(args, True), **_extract_meta(kwargs, True))
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "c:\Users\fabio\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\dask\dataframe\groupby.py", line 781, in _nunique_df_aggregate
return df.groupby(level=levels, sort=sort, observed=True)[name].nunique()
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~^^^^^^
File "c:\Users\fabio\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pandas\core\groupby\generic.py", line 1951, in __getitem__
return super().__getitem__(key)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "c:\Users\fabio\AppData\Local\Programs\Python\Python312\Lib\site-packages\pandas\core\base.py", line 244, in __getitem__
raise KeyError(f"Column not found: {key}")
```

**Environment**:

- Dask version: 2024.2.1
- Python version: 3.11.8 and 3.12.2
- Operating System: windows 11
- Install method (conda, pip, source): pip