[Broken Website] Confluence atlassian.net can not display graphics

### Prerequisites

- [X] I [searched for any existing report](https://github.com/darkreader/darkreader/issues?q=is%3Aissue) about this website issue to avoid opening a duplicate.
- [X] I can reproduce this website issue in a new, unmodified web browser profile with Dark Reader installed as the only extension.

### Website Issue Description

Usually, clicking on an image in Confluence will display the graphic in full resolution in an overlay with transparent background on top of the current page. When Darkreader is activated for the site, the loading symbol appears, but the graphic is never displayed.

When disabling Darkreader for the specific site and re-loading the site, I can open the graphics normally. It is reproducible vice-versa when I re-enable Darkreader.

I noticed this on our company-internal site, but I can reproduce it on the atlassian demo page.

### Website Address

https://templates.atlassian.net/wiki/spaces/RD/pages/33189/An+easy+intro+to+using+Confluence

### Steps To Reproduce

[1] Open a Confluence page with Darkreader enabled.
[2] Click on an image/graphic to open the full-size view of it.
[3] Image does not load.
([4] Disable Darkreader for this page and reload page - image loads)

### Screenshots

_No response_

### Operating System

Windows 10

### Web Browser name and version

Firefow 114.0.2

### Dark Reader version

4.9.64

### Additional Context

_No response_