[expr.shift] p1 What is the promoted type of a source type to which integral promotion does not apply?

[expr.shift] p1 says

The operands shall be of integral or unscoped enumeration type and integral promotions are performed. The type of the result is that of the promoted left operand.

Consider this example:

long int i = 0;
i << 1;  

The left operand's type is long int whose integer conversion rank is greater than int, thus [conv.prom] p1 cannot apply to such a type, as per the following:

A prvalue of an integer type other than bool, char8_­t, char16_­t, char32_­t, or wchar_­t whose integer conversion rank ([conv.rank]) is less than the rank of int can be converted to a prvalue of type int...

So, what is the promoted type if the integral promotion does not apply at all? Shall we improve [expr.shift] p1 to the following to clarify this vague?

The operands shall be of integral or unscoped enumeration type and integral promotions are performed(if necessary). The type of the result is that of the possibly promoted left operand.

Start with [expr.shift] p1 and [conv.prom] p1, using the long int example to verify how the wording applies when no promotion changes the type. Done means resolving whether the existing text is sufficiently precise or adopting wording that clearly covers an unpromoted operand.