sql/inspect: TestDetectIndexConsistencyErrors_PartialIndex failed

sql/inspect.TestDetectIndexConsistencyErrors_PartialIndex [failed](https://mesolite.cluster.engflow.com/invocations/default/2424c663-566e-4427-8588-abada5ace3ca?testReportRun=7&testReportShard=8&testReportAttempt=1#targets-Ly9wa2cvc3FsL2luc3BlY3Q6aW5zcGVjdF90ZXN0) on master @ [fc4bab5cd872ac0384f46264ff2cf147f26819cd](https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/commits/fc4bab5cd872ac0384f46264ff2cf147f26819cd):

```
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/jobs.InfoStorage.write(...)
pkg/jobs/job_info_storage.go:459
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/jobs.InfoStorage.Write({0x2f6c20d6e180?, {0x6cb73d8?, 0x2f6c093a3d60?}, 0x80?}, {0x6c2a590?, 0x2f6bffe66120?}, {0x6742532?, 0x0?}, {0x2f6c099f81e0, 0x2a, ...})
pkg/jobs/job_info_storage.go:595 +0xa9
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/jobs.InfoStorage.WriteLegacyProgress(...)
pkg/jobs/job_info_storage.go:727
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/jobs.DeprecatedUpdater.update({0x2f6c20d6e180, {0x6cb73d8, 0x2f6c093a3d60}, {0x0, 0x0}}, {0x6c2a590, 0x2f6bffe66120}, 0x2f6c204076c0)
pkg/jobs/update.go:258 +0xef1
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/jobs.DeprecatedUpdater.Update(...)
pkg/jobs/update.go:529
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/gcjob.persistProgress.func1({0x6c2a590, 0x2f6bffe66120}, {0x6cb73d8?, 0x2f6c093a3d60?})
pkg/sql/gcjob/gc_job_utils.go:244 +0x105
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql.(*InternalDB).Txn.func1({0x6c2a590?, 0x2f6bffe66120?}, 0x6cab3a0?)
pkg/sql/internal.go:2009 +0x2b
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql.(*InternalDB).txn.func4({0x6c2a590, 0x2f6bffe66120}, 0x2f6c136701c0)
pkg/sql/internal.go:2105 +0x41f
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/kv.(*Txn).exec(0x2f6c136701c0, {0x6c2a590, 0x2f6bffe66120}, 0x2f6c1c77c800)
pkg/kv/txn.go:1206 +0x9e
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/kv.runTxn({0x6c2a590, 0x2f6bffe66120}, 0x2f6c136701c0, 0x0?)
pkg/kv/db.go:1195 +0x3e
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/kv.(*DB).TxnWithAdmissionControl(0x2f6c10c3f0d0?, {0x6c2a590, 0x2f6bffe66120}, 0x638e460?, 0x0?, 0x0, 0x2f6c1c77c800)
pkg/kv/db.go:1154 +0x107
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/kv.(*DB).Txn(...)
pkg/kv/db.go:1125
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql.(*InternalDB).txn(0x2f6bff5b4360, {0x6c2a590, 0x2f6bffe66120}, 0x2f6c20e5fcf0, {0x0, 0x0, 0x2f6c0611a501?})
pkg/sql/internal.go:2092 +0x285
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql.(*InternalDB).Txn(0x2f6bff5b4360, {0x6c2a590, 0x2f6bffe66120}, 0x2f6bfbcbc8a0, {0x0, 0x0, 0x0})
pkg/sql/internal.go:2010 +0x97
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/gcjob.persistProgress({0x6c2a590, 0x2f6bffe66120}, 0x2f6c03b04708, 0x2f6c20d6e180, 0x2f6c0ced6008, {0x675b3c8, 0x13})
pkg/sql/gcjob/gc_job_utils.go:242 +0xfa
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/gcjob.schemaChangeGCResumer.deleteDataAndWaitForGC({0x6c2a590?}, {0x6c2a590, 0x2f6bffe66120}, 0x2f6c03b04708, 0x2f6c109ef0c0, 0x2f6c0ced6008)
pkg/sql/gcjob/gc_job.go:391 +0xdd
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/sql/gcjob.schemaChangeGCResumer.Resume({0x2f6c20d6e180}, {0x6c2a590, 0x2f6bffe66120}, {0x637c060?, 0x2f6c1414d600?})
pkg/sql/gcjob/gc_job.go:372 +0x24d
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/jobs.(*Registry).stepThroughStateMachine.func2.2()
pkg/jobs/registry.go:1741 +0x2c
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/jobs/jobscrash.MaybeCatchPanicAsError({0x6c2a590, 0x2f6bffe66120}, 0x2f6c02114000, {0x6718fe7, 0x3}, 0x2f6c0391b4c0, 0x2f6c0391b488)
pkg/jobs/jobscrash/jobscrash.go:49 +0x75
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/jobs.(*Registry).stepThroughStateMachine.func2(0x2f6c20d6e180?, 0x0?, 0x2f6c10c3f8a8, {0x6c2a590?, 0x2f6bffe66120?}, {0x6c225b0?, 0x2f6c1414d4c0?}, {0x637c060?, 0x2f6c1414d600?})
pkg/jobs/registry.go:1739 +0x125
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/jobs.(*Registry).stepThroughStateMachine(0x2f6c032ec008, {0x6c2a590, 0x2f6c0625dce0}, {0x637c060, 0x2f6c1414d600}, {0x6c225b0, 0x2f6c1414d4c0}, 0x2f6c20d6e180, {0x2f6c11df1069, 0x7}, ...)
pkg/jobs/registry.go:1743 +0xc3f
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/jobs.(*Registry).runJob(0x2f6c032ec008, {0x6c2a590, 0x2f6c0625dce0}, {0x6c225b0, 0x2f6c1414d4c0}, 0x2f6c20d6e180, {0x2f6c11df1069, 0x7}, {0x2f6bfead1ef0, 0x17})
pkg/jobs/adopt.go:509 +0x5c6
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/jobs.(*Registry).resumeJob.func1({0x6c2c948?, 0x2f6c1ff8efa0?})
pkg/jobs/adopt.go:350 +0x13c
github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/util/stop.(*Stopper).RunAsyncTaskEx.func1({0x6c2c948, 0x2f6c1ff8efa0})
pkg/util/stop/stopper.go:447 +0x8a
created by github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pkg/util/stop.(*Stopper).RunAsyncTaskEx in goroutine 1328721
pkg/util/stop/stopper.go:445 +0x125
```

Parameters:
- attempt=1
- run=7
- shard=8
Help

See also: [How To Investigate a Go Test Failure \(internal\)](https://cockroachlabs.atlassian.net/l/c/HgfXfJgM)

[Improve this report!](https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/tree/master/pkg/cmd/bazci/githubpost/issues)

Jira issue: CRDB-68494

Start by reproducing sql/inspect.TestDetectIndexConsistencyErrors_PartialIndex using the reported commit and test shard details. Trace the failure from the test report through pkg/jobs/job_info_storage.go, pkg/jobs/update.go, and pkg/sql/gcjob/gc_job_utils.go, then verify the test passes without introducing a new failure.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.