sql: incorrect decorrelation of lateral join

For the following example query, CRDB gets different results than PG. I think there might be something wrong with the way CRDB is decorrelating the lateral join:

```sql
CREATE TABLE a (
shard
INT8 NOT NULL,
id
TEXT NOT NULL,
created_at
TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (shard, id)
);

CREATE TABLE b (
shard
INT8 NOT NULL,
id
TEXT NOT NULL,
created_at
TIMESTAMPTZ NOT NULL,
PRIMARY KEY (shard, id)
);

INSERT INTO a VALUES (2, '2', '2025-08-07');
INSERT INTO b VALUES (2, '2', '2025-08-05'), (3, '3', '2025-08-06');

SELECT
*
FROM
a
LEFT JOIN LATERAL (
SELECT
b.*
FROM
b
WHERE
b.created_at
< a.created_at
ORDER BY
b.created_at DESC
LIMIT
1
)
AS b ON b.id = a.id;
```

I get this result from PG 16.9:

```
shard | id | created_at | shard | id | created_at
-------+----+------------------------+-------+----+------------
2 | 2 | 2025-08-07 00:00:00-07 | | |
(1 row)
```

And this result from CRDB 25.3:

```
shard | id | created_at | shard | id | created_at
--------+----+------------------------+-------+----+-------------------------
2 | 2 | 2025-08-07 00:00:00+00 | 2 | 2 | 2025-08-05 00:00:00+00
(1 row)
```

Jira issue: [CRDB-53357](https://cockroachlabs.atlassian.net/browse/CRDB-53357)