build: add linter to flag uses of `redact.StripMarkers()`

We've previously had code merged that explicitly removed redaction markers from strings prior to logging them, we should add a linter to flag these situations as no one should be doing this. Instead, we should either pass `RedactableString` to the logger, or implement `redact.SafeFormatter`.

Example PR with such changes: https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pull/126507/files#diff-e5a646fccbaa96a87ee8f4b10a481cbe30467306e77ee63b808b2df0678ad9e5R573

One caveat with this usage that we *should* allow is that a typical implementation of `Error` will call `StripMarkers()` on the redactable implementation of the error string (like here: https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/pull/134224

Jira issue: CRDB-44352

Epic CRDB-49081