roachtest: ssh_problem failed

roachtest.ssh_problem [failed](https://teamcity.cockroachdb.com/buildConfiguration/Cockroach_Nightlies_RoachtestNightlyGceBazel/14772210?buildTab=log) with [artifacts](https://teamcity.cockroachdb.com/buildConfiguration/Cockroach_Nightlies_RoachtestNightlyGceBazel/14772210?buildTab=artifacts#/cdc/initial-scan-only) on release-24.1 @ [87740bd080658e93b40637556c9dfa27a91f8cf5](https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/commits/87740bd080658e93b40637556c9dfa27a91f8cf5):

```
test cdc/initial-scan-only failed: (cluster.go:2233).Start: _potential_ SSH flake (``ssh -vvv`` log retained under ssh/): SSH_PROBLEM: exit status 255
test artifacts and logs in: /artifacts/cdc/initial-scan-only/run_1
```

Parameters:
- ROACHTEST_arch=amd64
- ROACHTEST_cloud=gce
- ROACHTEST_coverageBuild=false
- ROACHTEST_cpu=16
- ROACHTEST_encrypted=false
- ROACHTEST_fs=ext4
- ROACHTEST_localSSD=true
- ROACHTEST_metamorphicBuild=false
- ROACHTEST_ssd=0
Help

See: [roachtest README](https://github.com/cockroachdb/cockroach/blob/master/pkg/cmd/roachtest/README.md)

See: [How To Investigate \(internal\)](https://cockroachlabs.atlassian.net/l/c/SSSBr8c7)

See: [Grafana](https://go.crdb.dev/roachtest-grafana/teamcity-14772210/cdc-initial-scan-only/1712743607288/1712743872252)

Same failure on other branches

- #119192 roachtest: ssh_problem failed [O-roachtest O-robot T-testeng X-infra-flake branch-release-23.2.1-rc]
- #112310 roachtest: ssh_problem failed [O-roachtest O-robot T-testeng X-infra-flake branch-release-23.2]
- #112280 roachtest: ssh_problem failed [O-roachtest O-robot T-testeng X-infra-flake branch-release-22.2]
- #108264 roachtest: ssh_problem failed [O-roachtest O-robot T-testeng X-infra-flake branch-release-23.1]
- #90695 roachtest: ssh_problem failed [O-roachtest O-robot T-testeng X-infra-flake branch-master]

/cc @cockroachdb/test-eng

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Jira issue: CRDB-37699