Add ability to validate JSON schema

[`pg_jsonschema`](https://github.com/supabase/pg_jsonschema) is a Postgres extension that provides built-in function for JSON schema validation. This allows us to validate a JSON schema against a SQL schema object. We should support the `json_matches_schema` built-in in CockroachDB that can accomplish this functionality. This is also something that is supported by [Oracle DB](https://docs.oracle.com/en/database/oracle/oracle-database/23/adjsn/json-schema.html#GUID-980BD95E-D0EF-4E22-8E67-08CD419EE7A2).

The result of this built-in can be used as part of the check constraint when declaring the schema for a table:

```sql
create extension pg_jsonschema;

create table customer(
id serial primary key,
metadata json,

check (
json_matches_schema(
'{
"type": "object",
"properties": {
"tags": {
"type": "array",
"items": {
"type": "string",
"maxLength": 16
}
}
}
}'::json,
metadata
)
)
);

-- Example: Valid Payload
insert into customer(metadata) values ('{"tags": ["vip", "darkmode-ui"]}');
-- Result:
-- INSERT 0 1

-- Example: Invalid Payload
insert into customer(metadata) values ('{"tags": [1, 3]}');
-- Result:
-- ERROR: new row for relation "customer" violates check constraint "customer_metadata_check"
-- DETAIL: Failing row contains (2, {"tags": [1, 3]}).
```

There are three built-ins that `pg_jsonschema` supports and we can do this in phases:

- [ ] jsonb_matches_schema(schema json, instance jsonb) returns bool
- [ ] json_matches_schema(schema json, instance json) returns bool
- [ ] jsonschema_is_valid(schema json) returns bool

Jira issue: CRDB-31110

Epic CRDB-60811