wranger container push repeatedly fails to commit a specific layer

### What versions & operating system are you using?

```
System:
OS: macOS 26.2
CPU: (14) arm64 Apple M4 Pro
Memory: 688.36 MB / 48.00 GB
Shell: 5.9 - /bin/zsh
Binaries:
Node: 25.2.1 - /opt/homebrew/bin/node
npm: 11.6.2 - /opt/homebrew/bin/npm
```

### Please provide a link to a minimal reproduction

https://github.com/hexeight/notebook-on-demand

### Describe the Bug

Trying to push the docker image here to the Cloudflare registry fails repeatedly with the following error. Upload of the same image to AWS ECR or Docker Hub works. The image is set to platform `linux/amd64`.

`containers build -p` has the same behaviour.

### Please provide any relevant error logs

```
Login Succeeded
The push refers to repository [registry.cloudflare.com/058f753cdfc8e77957be77925687fbe6/notebook-on-demand]
d6c334210834: Layer already exists
c1106e8d4753: Layer already exists
1dd3b7712be3: Layer already exists
f23460d4a357: Pushing [==================================================>] 58.81MB/58.81MB
f5eaa20f48a5: Layer already exists
2dd228178244: Layer already exists
d70befff6441: Layer already exists
266aced5b7c5: Already exists
b260a7fdac2c: Layer already exists
2ae15a201602: Layer already exists
e520b56ca06c: Layer already exists
fadbb2bb3227: Layer already exists
dd87517762e5: Layer already exists
failed commit on ref "layer-sha256:f23460d4a3574ac66d01c83492bd8a2b15e46771231e2fe57236f007949799ca": failed to do request: Put "https://registry.cloudflare.com/v2/058f753cdfc8e77957be77925687fbe6/notebook-on-demand/blobs/uploads/3e23efbf-b84f-43ba-8e28-93c8bd975894?_stateHash=ced2b43eb19660b65e21675c290055f22afff799439a7fac991c2e2194dd416c&digest=sha256%3Af23460d4a3574ac66d01c83492bd8a2b15e46771231e2fe57236f007949799ca": EOF

✘ [ERROR] Docker command exited with code: 1
```