[FEAT REQ] Allow HasFailed proto extension via metadata

I would like to use maps as failures. Clojure has recently introduced protocol extension via metadata (https://clojure.org/reference/protocols#_extend_via_metadata). If `:extend-via-metadata true` will be placed on `f/HasFailed`, we can use this facility to use arbitrary maps for errors and be able to carry extra data similar to `ex-info` exceptions.

Start at f/HasFailed and inspect how the protocol is defined and used. Configure metadata extension so arbitrary maps can satisfy the protocol and carry extra error data, then verify existing failure behavior alongside map-based errors.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.