Fix charm dependencies and re-add publishing of the charm

https://github.com/canonical/data-platform-libs/pull/216 will remove the currently broken step of charm publishing.

Currently, when packing with the `charm` plugin charmcraft will try to satisfy all the libraries pydeps, which result in a conflict and inability to pack the charm due to conflicting pydantic requirement for v0 and v1 `data_models`.

We should resolve the dependency issue (ship a single lib version in the charm or consider using different plugin to pack) and re-enable the publishing of the charm itself (possibly migrate to the shared workflows packing and release).