Add trait queries (by upstreaming bevy-trait-query)

Trait queries are missing in bevy and only covered by https://github.com/JoJoJet/bevy-trait-query/
Upstreaming it would be nicer for bevy users as it is a really common need and 3rd party lib can easily become outdated🥺

(Got told by @alice-i-cecile to open this :p)

Start by reviewing the upstream implementation at https://github.com/JoJoJet/bevy-trait-query/ and comparing its trait-query behavior with Bevy's existing ECS query APIs. The issue does not name Bevy files, tests, or a narrower integration boundary; done would mean trait queries are supported upstream in Bevy rather than requiring the third-party library.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.