Add a `bazel mod` output option to print canonical names

### Description of the feature request:

There are a number of places where one must know the canonical name of a repo:
- to debug an extension you wrote, it's very helpful to be able to get the path on disk of the repo you generated, and for that you need the canonical name
- `bazel mod show_repo` requires a canonical name for extension repos

It would be very helpful in these cases if `mod graph --extension_info all` could be convinced to output the canonical names of repos instead of the apparent names, perhaps via a flag?

### Which category does this issue belong to?

External Dependency

### What underlying problem are you trying to solve with this feature?

Debugging an extension you're trying to write is pretty tricky right now.

### Which operating system are you running Bazel on?

linux

### What is the output of `bazel info release`?

release 8.3.1

### If `bazel info release` returns `development version` or `(@non-git)`, tell us how you built Bazel.

_No response_

### What's the output of `git remote get-url origin; git rev-parse HEAD` ?

```text

```

### Have you found anything relevant by searching the web?

_No response_

### Any other information, logs, or outputs that you want to share?

_No response_

Start with the `bazel mod graph --extension_info all` command and compare its output with the canonical names required by `bazel mod show_repo`. Trace the command's option and output handling, then determine how the requested option should select canonical names. Done means the option is documented by its behavior and the command emits canonical repository names for extension repositories.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.