Make Bazel clearly communicate issues with XCode install

I updated the OS but did not update XCode. Bazel was failing with the most cryptic error (see below).

Please make Bazel messaging more helpful, possibly suggesting the user to check XCode install and do `bazel clean --expunge`

### Description of the bug:

Unable to build my branch on my local macOS environment. This branch builds on CI, including Mac.

```
FATAL: bazel crashed due to an internal error. Printing stack trace:
java.lang.RuntimeException: Unrecoverable error while evaluating node 'ActionLookupData0{actionLookupKey=ConfiguredTargetKey{label=//test/core/event_engine:common_closures_test_TEST_LIBRARY, config=BuildConfigurationKey[e7d0355b3d90789b06a9207238e0040e8b8404e05a204aa41ab02c9d9ba36c03]}, actionIndex=0}' (requested by nodes 'TargetCompletionKey{topLevelArtifactContext=com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.TopLevelArtifactContext@90904c3b, actionLookupKey=ConfiguredTargetKey{label=//test/core/event_engine:common_closures_test_TEST_LIBRARY, config=BuildConfigurationKey[e7d0355b3d90789b06a9207238e0040e8b8404e05a204aa41ab02c9d9ba36c03]}, willTest=false}', 'ActionLookupData1{actionLookupKey=ConfiguredTargetKey{label=//test/core/event_engine:common_closures_test_TEST_LIBRARY, config=BuildConfigurationKey[e7d0355b3d90789b06a9207238e0040e8b8404e05a204aa41ab02c9d9ba36c03]}, actionIndex=1}')
at com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.AbstractParallelEvaluator$Evaluate.run(AbstractParallelEvaluator.java:547)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.AbstractQueueVisitor$WrappedRunnable.run(AbstractQueueVisitor.java:435)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask$RunnableExecuteAction.exec(Unknown Source)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doExec(Unknown Source)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.topLevelExec(Unknown Source)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.scan(Unknown Source)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalArgumentException: com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.apple.DottedVersion$InvalidDottedVersionException: Dotted version components must all start with the form \d+([a-z0-9]*?)?(\d+)? but got 'None'
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.apple.DottedVersion.fromStringUnchecked(DottedVersion.java:181)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.exec.local.XcodeLocalEnvProvider.rewriteLocalEnv(XcodeLocalEnvProvider.java:95)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.sandbox.DarwinSandboxedSpawnRunner.prepareSpawn(DarwinSandboxedSpawnRunner.java:219)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.sandbox.AbstractSandboxSpawnRunner.exec(AbstractSandboxSpawnRunner.java:112)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.sandbox.SandboxModule$SandboxFallbackSpawnRunner.exec(SandboxModule.java:479)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.exec.AbstractSpawnStrategy.exec(AbstractSpawnStrategy.java:158)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.exec.AbstractSpawnStrategy.exec(AbstractSpawnStrategy.java:118)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.exec.SpawnStrategyResolver.exec(SpawnStrategyResolver.java:45)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.cpp.CppCompileAction.execute(CppCompileAction.java:1395)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.SkyframeActionExecutor$ActionRunner.executeAction(SkyframeActionExecutor.java:1170)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.SkyframeActionExecutor$ActionRunner.run(SkyframeActionExecutor.java:1075)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.ActionExecutionState.runStateMachine(ActionExecutionState.java:166)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.ActionExecutionState.getResultOrDependOnFuture(ActionExecutionState.java:95)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.SkyframeActionExecutor.executeAction(SkyframeActionExecutor.java:559)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.ActionExecutionFunction.checkCacheAndExecuteIfNeeded(ActionExecutionFunction.java:928)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.ActionExecutionFunction.computeInternal(ActionExecutionFunction.java:375)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.ActionExecutionFunction.compute(ActionExecutionFunction.java:216)
at com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.AbstractParallelEvaluator$Evaluate.run(AbstractParallelEvaluator.java:467)
... 7 more
Caused by: com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.apple.DottedVersion$InvalidDottedVersionException: Dotted version components must all start with the form \d+([a-z0-9]*?)?(\d+)? but got 'None'
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.apple.DottedVersion.fromString(DottedVersion.java:203)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.apple.DottedVersion.fromStringUnchecked(DottedVersion.java:179)
... 24 more
```

### Which category does this issue belong to?

_No response_

### What's the simplest, easiest way to reproduce this bug? Please provide a minimal example if possible.

_No response_

### Which operating system are you running Bazel on?

macOS 15.3.2 (24D81)

### What is the output of `bazel info release`?

release 8.0.1

### If `bazel info release` returns `development version` or `(@non-git)`, tell us how you built Bazel.

_No response_

### What's the output of `git remote get-url origin; git rev-parse HEAD` ?

```text

```

### If this is a regression, please try to identify the Bazel commit where the bug was introduced with bazelisk --bisect.

_No response_

### Have you found anything relevant by searching the web?

_No response_

### Any other information, logs, or outputs that you want to share?

```
$ which c++
/usr/bin/c++

$ c++ --version
Apple clang version 15.0.0 (clang-1500.3.9.4)
Target: arm64-apple-darwin24.3.0
Thread model: posix
InstalledDir: /Applications/Xcode.app/Contents/Developer/Toolchains/XcodeDefault.xctoolchain/usr/bin
```

Start by reading the XcodeLocalEnvProvider.java and DottedVersion.java locations named in the stack trace, focusing on how an invalid Xcode version reaches the error. Reproduce on the reported macOS and Bazel versions if possible, then verify that an outdated or invalid Xcode installation produces a helpful diagnostic suggesting the relevant checks and bazel clean --expunge.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.