Bazel server crash when using the C++ Starlark API

### Description of the bug:

`cc_common.compile` throws an exception with the following stack trace:

```
FATAL: bazel crashed due to an internal error. Printing stack trace:
java.lang.RuntimeException: Unrecoverable error while evaluating node 'ConfiguredTargetKey{label=//missing_file:hello_bug, config=BuildConfigurationKey[442d8db79c046018027f86fb6ba2e9e3560c56c0504c8b6423d08c7d06207c4d]}' (requested by nodes )
at com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.AbstractParallelEvaluator$Evaluate.run(AbstractParallelEvaluator.java:633)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.AbstractQueueVisitor$WrappedRunnable.run(AbstractQueueVisitor.java:365)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask$RunnableExecuteAction.exec(Unknown Source)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask.doExec(Unknown Source)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool$WorkQueue.topLevelExec(Unknown Source)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.scan(Unknown Source)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinPool.runWorker(Unknown Source)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinWorkerThread.run(Unknown Source)
Caused by: net.starlark.java.eval.Starlark$UncheckedEvalException: IllegalStateException thrown during Starlark evaluation (//missing_file:hello_bug)
at .compile(:0)
at ._my_binary(/usr/local/google/home/lberki/bazel/cfrantz/bazel6/rules/defs.bzl:34)
Caused by: java.lang.IllegalStateException
at com.google.common.base.Preconditions.checkState(Preconditions.java:486)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.cpp.CcCompilationHelper.addSource(CcCompilationHelper.java:579)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.cpp.CcCompilationHelper.addSources(CcCompilationHelper.java:512)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.rules.cpp.CcModule.compile(CcModule.java:2267)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.bazel.rules.cpp.BazelCcModule.compile(BazelCcModule.java:124)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke0(Native Method)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.NativeMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.base/jdk.internal.reflect.DelegatingMethodAccessorImpl.invoke(Unknown Source)
at java.base/java.lang.reflect.Method.invoke(Unknown Source)
at net.starlark.java.eval.MethodDescriptor.call(MethodDescriptor.java:162)
at net.starlark.java.eval.BuiltinFunction.fastcall(BuiltinFunction.java:77)
at net.starlark.java.eval.Starlark.fastcall(Starlark.java:638)
at net.starlark.java.eval.Eval.evalCall(Eval.java:682)
at net.starlark.java.eval.Eval.eval(Eval.java:497)
at net.starlark.java.eval.Eval.execAssignment(Eval.java:109)
at net.starlark.java.eval.Eval.exec(Eval.java:268)
at net.starlark.java.eval.Eval.execStatements(Eval.java:82)
at net.starlark.java.eval.Eval.execFunctionBody(Eval.java:66)
at net.starlark.java.eval.StarlarkFunction.fastcall(StarlarkFunction.java:173)
at net.starlark.java.eval.Starlark.fastcall(Starlark.java:638)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.starlark.StarlarkRuleConfiguredTargetUtil.buildRule(StarlarkRuleConfiguredTargetUtil.java:99)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.ConfiguredTargetFactory.createRule(ConfiguredTargetFactory.java:363)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.analysis.ConfiguredTargetFactory.createConfiguredTarget(ConfiguredTargetFactory.java:192)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.SkyframeBuildView.createConfiguredTarget(SkyframeBuildView.java:1231)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.ConfiguredTargetFunction.createConfiguredTarget(ConfiguredTargetFunction.java:1218)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.skyframe.ConfiguredTargetFunction.compute(ConfiguredTargetFunction.java:431)
at com.google.devtools.build.skyframe.AbstractParallelEvaluator$Evaluate.run(AbstractParallelEvaluator.java:562)
at com.google.devtools.build.lib.concurrent.AbstractQueueVisitor$WrappedRunnable.run(AbstractQueueVisitor.java:365)
at java.base/java.util.concurrent.ForkJoinTask$RunnableExecuteAction.exec(Unknown Source)
...
```

I also tried with Bazel at HEAD, but it doesn't work because one needs how to depend on the C++ toolchain as a toolchain and I ran out of time today so I couldn't update it.

### Which category does this issue belong to?

_No response_

### What's the simplest, easiest way to reproduce this bug? Please provide a minimal example if possible.

Clone this repository (I used commithash `1d206d36ca`):

https://github.com/cfrantz/bugs/

Then:

```
cd bazel6
bazel build //missing_file:hello_bug
```

### Which operating system are you running Bazel on?

gLinux

### What is the output of `bazel info release`?

bazel 6.3.2

### If `bazel info release` returns `development version` or `(@non-git)`, tell us how you built Bazel.

_No response_

### What's the output of `git remote get-url origin; git rev-parse master; git rev-parse HEAD` ?

_No response_

### Is this a regression? If yes, please try to identify the Bazel commit where the bug was introduced.

_No response_

### Have you found anything relevant by searching the web?

_No response_

### Any other information, logs, or outputs that you want to share?

_No response_