Allow custom rules to overide default values for built-in attributes.

### Description of the feature request:

The case I'm running into is a `foo_test` rule that should basically always be used with `size="small", timeout="short"` (in fact, the expected resource usage even in extreme cases is likely 10x smaller then that).

What I'd like to do is pass something to `rule()` picking a different default for those attributes so that consumers don't by default get a `There were tests whose specified size is too big.` warning.

A somewhat more general feature would also be nice; I can think of cases where several other attributes listed under ["common definitions" ](https://bazel.build/reference/be/common-definitions) where the author of a rule could give better default than the global ones provided by Bazel.

### What underlying problem are you trying to solve with this feature?

Decrease the number of warnings that a custom rule causes bazel to generate "out of the box".

### Which operating system are you running Bazel on?

n/a

### What is the output of `bazel info release`?

release 6.0.0

### If `bazel info release` returns `development version` or `(@non-git)`, tell us how you built Bazel.

_No response_

### What's the output of `git remote get-url origin; git rev-parse master; git rev-parse HEAD` ?

```text
n/a
```

### Have you found anything relevant by searching the web?

no

### Any other information, logs, or outputs that you want to share?

_No response_

The issue does not name a source file, test, or entry point. Start by tracing how Bazel handles common attribute defaults for custom rules and how rule() accepts rule-specific metadata. Done means custom rules can override selected built-in attribute defaults and the resulting warnings are reduced without changing global defaults.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.