Bazel build: No repository visible as '@rules_go'

The following bazel build error was received when trying to update from [github.com/open-policy-agent/opa](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/open-policy-agent/opa@v0.70.0) v0.70.0 to [github.com/open-policy-agent/opa](https://pkg.go.dev/github.com/open-policy-agent/opa@v1.8.0) v1.8.0. It targets a Go Monorepo with Bazel + Gazelle + rules_go (Bzlmod enabled).

`ERROR: error loading package '@@gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_lestrrat_go_jwx_v3//jwk': Unable to find package for @@[unknown repo 'rules_go' requested from @@gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_lestrrat_go_jwx_v3 (did you mean 'rules_cc'?)]//go:def.bzl: The repository '@@[unknown repo 'rules_go' requested from @@gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_lestrrat_go_jwx_v3 (did you mean 'rules_cc'?)]' could not be resolved: No repository visible as '@rules_go' from repository '@@gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_lestrrat_go_jwx_v3'.
ERROR: /home/lukas/.cache/bazel/_bazel_lukas/900f15fa8982dac93cf1f3f7d5adf494/external/gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_open_policy_agent_opa/v1/topdown/BUILD.bazel:3:11: error loading package '@@gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_lestrrat_go_jwx_v3//jwk': Unable to find package for @@[unknown repo 'rules_go' requested from @@gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_lestrrat_go_jwx_v3 (did you mean 'rules_cc'?)]//go:def.bzl: The repository '@@[unknown repo 'rules_go' requested from @@gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_lestrrat_go_jwx_v3 (did you mean 'rules_cc'?)]' could not be resolved: No repository visible as '@rules_go' from repository '@@gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_lestrrat_go_jwx_v3'. and referenced by '@@gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_open_policy_agent_opa//v1/topdown:topdown'
ERROR: Analysis of target '//bzlmod:go_default_library' failed; build aborted: Analysis failed
INFO: Elapsed time: 2.102s, Critical Path: 0.04s
INFO: 1 process: 1 internal.
ERROR: Build did NOT complete successfully`

A minimal example is given in [this repository](https://github.com/lschlacher/bazel-opa-bug-reproduce).

Start with the minimal reproduction repository linked in the issue and run the failing Bazel build for the bzlmod:go_default_library target. Trace the external OPA and com_github_lestrrat_go_jwx_v3 packages mentioned in the error, focusing on why rules_go is not visible under Bzlmod. Done means the reproduction builds successfully after the OPA upgrade.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.