`GoLink` for Gazelle fails on Go 1.20 or greater

### What version of rules_go are you using?

`rules_go` via 0.41.0 through `bazel-gazelle` 0.32.0, but any later version also fails.

### What version of gazelle are you using?

0.32.0

### What version of Bazel are you using?

7.1.1

### Does this issue reproduce with the latest releases of all the above?

Yes.

### What operating system and processor architecture are you using?

Gentoo Linux amd64

### Any other potentially useful information about your toolchain?

```console
$ gcc --version
gcc (Gentoo Hardened 13.2.1_p20240210 p14) 13.2.1 20240210
Copyright (C) 2023 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
This is free software; see the source for copying conditions. There is NO
warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
$ ld.lld --version
LLD 17.0.6 (compatible with GNU linkers)
```

### What did you do?

I am working on a ruleset that depends on Gazelle for Starlark library management. I used `bazel-contrib/rules-template` as a basis for my ruleset, which included `bazel-gazelle` 0.35.0. Running this tool on my computer always fails with the error I listed below. I've narrowed down the issue to `rules_go` commit 58534a2cda8e546a4dec6ea9c6b64eb0bfe824dd, which updates the Go version from 1.19.8 to 1.20.2. Reverting this change with a `local_path_override` will make the build work properly.

Here's the minimal set of files that cause the error on my system:

```starlark
# MODULE.bazel
bazel_dep(name = "gazelle", version = "0.36.0", dev_dependency = True, repo_name = "bazel_gazelle")
bazel_dep(name = "bazel_skylib_gazelle_plugin", version = "1.4.1", dev_dependency = True)

# BUILD.bazel
load("@bazel_gazelle//:def.bzl", "gazelle", "gazelle_binary")

gazelle_binary(
name = "gazelle_bin",
languages = ["@bazel_skylib_gazelle_plugin//bzl"],
)

gazelle(
name = "gazelle",
gazelle = "gazelle_bin",
)
```

### What did you expect to see?

Gazelle running normally.

### What did you see instead?

```console
$ bazel run //:gazelle --verbose_failures 1 ↵
INFO: Analyzed target //:gazelle (0 packages loaded, 0 targets configured).
ERROR: /home/agni/tmp/rules-go-repro/BUILD.bazel:3:15: GoLink gazelle_bin_/gazelle_bin [for tool] failed: (Exit 1): builder failed: error executing GoLink command (from target //:gazelle_bin)
(cd /home/agni/.cache/bazel/_bazel_agni/98623838173c98230990c7c2732aafbc/sandbox/linux-sandbox/86/execroot/_main && \
exec env - \
CGO_ENABLED=1 \
GOARCH=amd64 \
GOEXPERIMENT=nocoverageredesign \
GOOS=linux \
GOPATH='' \
GOROOT=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/rules_go~/stdlib_ \
GOROOT_FINAL=GOROOT \
GOTOOLCHAIN=local \
PATH=/usr/bin:/bin \
ZERO_AR_DATE=1 \
bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/rules_go~~go_sdk~go_default_sdk/builder_reset/builder link -sdk external/rules_go~~go_sdk~go_default_sdk -installsuffix linux_amd64 -arc '@@gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_bazelbuild_buildtools//tables:tables=github.com/bazelbuild/buildtools/tables=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_bazelbuild_buildtools/tables/tables.a' -arc '@@gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_bazelbuild_buildtools//build:build=github.com/bazelbuild/buildtools/build=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_bazelbuild_buildtools/build/build.a' -arc '@@gazelle~//internal/module:module=github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-gazelle/internal/module=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~/internal/module/module.a' -arc '@@gazelle~//internal/wspace:wspace=github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-gazelle/internal/wspace=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~/internal/wspace/wspace.a' -arc '@@gazelle~//pathtools:pathtools=github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-gazelle/pathtools=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~/pathtools/pathtools.a' -arc '@@gazelle~//label:label=github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-gazelle/label=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~/label/label.a' -arc '@@gazelle~//rule:rule=github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-gazelle/rule=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~/rule/rule.a' -arc '@@gazelle~//config:config=github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-gazelle/config=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~/config/config.a' -arc '@@gazelle~~go_deps~org_golang_x_mod//internal/lazyregexp:lazyregexp=golang.org/x/mod/internal/lazyregexp=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~~go_deps~org_golang_x_mod/internal/lazyregexp/lazyregexp.a' -arc '@@gazelle~~go_deps~org_golang_x_mod//semver:semver=golang.org/x/mod/semver=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~~go_deps~org_golang_x_mod/semver/semver.a' -arc '@@gazelle~~go_deps~org_golang_x_mod//module:module=golang.org/x/mod/module=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~~go_deps~org_golang_x_mod/module/module.a' -arc '@@gazelle~~go_deps~org_golang_x_mod//modfile:modfile=golang.org/x/mod/modfile=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~~go_deps~org_golang_x_mod/modfile/modfile.a' -arc '@@gazelle~~go_deps~org_golang_x_sys//execabs:execabs=golang.org/x/sys/execabs=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~~go_deps~org_golang_x_sys/execabs/execabs.a' -arc '@@gazelle~~go_deps~org_golang_x_tools_go_vcs//:vcs=golang.org/x/tools/go/vcs=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~~go_deps~org_golang_x_tools_go_vcs/vcs.a' -arc '@@gazelle~//repo:repo=github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-gazelle/repo=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~/repo/repo.a' -arc '@@gazelle~//resolve:resolve=github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-gazelle/resolve=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~/resolve/resolve.a' -arc '@@gazelle~//language:language=github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-gazelle/language=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~/language/language.a' -arc '@@bazel_skylib_gazelle_plugin~//bzl:bzl=github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-skylib/gazelle=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/bazel_skylib_gazelle_plugin~/bzl/bzl.a' -arc '@@gazelle~//flag:flag=github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-gazelle/flag=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~/flag/flag.a' -arc '@@gazelle~//internal/version:version=github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-gazelle/internal/version=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~/internal/version/version.a' -arc '@@gazelle~//language/proto:proto=github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-gazelle/language/proto=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~/language/proto/proto.a' -arc '@@gazelle~~go_deps~org_golang_x_sync//errgroup:errgroup=golang.org/x/sync/errgroup=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~~go_deps~org_golang_x_sync/errgroup/errgroup.a' -arc '@@gazelle~//language/go:go=github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-gazelle/language/go=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~/language/go/go.a' -arc '@@gazelle~//merger:merger=github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-gazelle/merger=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~/merger/merger.a' -arc '@@gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_bmatcuk_doublestar_v4//:doublestar=github.com/bmatcuk/doublestar/v4=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_bmatcuk_doublestar_v4/doublestar.a' -arc '@@gazelle~//walk:walk=github.com/bazelbuild/bazel-gazelle/walk=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~/walk/walk.a' -arc '@@gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_pmezard_go_difflib//difflib:difflib=github.com/pmezard/go-difflib/difflib=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/gazelle~~go_deps~com_github_pmezard_go_difflib/difflib/difflib.a' -package_list bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/rules_go~~go_sdk~go_default_sdk/packages.txt -o bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/gazelle_bin_/gazelle_bin -main bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/gazelle_bin.a -p gazelle_bin -- -extld /usr/bin/gcc '-buildid=redacted' -s -w -extldflags '-fuse-ld=lld -B/usr/bin -Wl,-no-as-needed -Wl,-z,relro,-z,now -pass-exit-codes -Wl,--push-state,-as-needed -Wl,--pop-state -Wl,--push-state,-as-needed -lm -Wl,--pop-state')
# Configuration: 102280fdd81a7e38c52bb68961161910f5590170eb28aace553b527e00995a6b
# Execution platform: @@local_config_platform//:host

Use --sandbox_debug to see verbose messages from the sandbox and retain the sandbox build root for debugging
external/rules_go~~go_sdk~go_default_sdk/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/link: running /usr/bin/gcc failed: exit status 1
collect2: fatal error: cannot find 'ld'
compilation terminated.

link: error running subcommand GOROOT_FINAL=GOROOT \
GOROOT=bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/external/rules_go~/stdlib_ \
PATH=/usr/bin:/bin \
GOPATH= \
GOEXPERIMENT=nocoverageredesign \
GOTOOLCHAIN=local \
TMPDIR=/tmp \
CGO_ENABLED=1 \
GOOS=linux \
ZERO_AR_DATE=1 \
GOARCH=amd64 \
external/rules_go~~go_sdk~go_default_sdk/pkg/tool/linux_amd64/link -importcfg /tmp/bazel-working-directory/_main/bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/gazelle_bin_/importcfg1481826981 -o /tmp/bazel-working-directory/_main/bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/gazelle_bin_/gazelle_bin -extld /usr/bin/gcc -buildid=redacted -s -w -extldflags "-fuse-ld=lld -B/usr/bin -Wl,-no-as-needed -Wl,-z,relro,-z,now -pass-exit-codes -Wl,--push-state,-as-needed -Wl,--pop-state -Wl,--push-state,-as-needed -lm -Wl,--pop-state" /tmp/bazel-working-directory/_main/bazel-out/k8-opt-exec-ST-13d3ddad9198/bin/gazelle_bin.a: exit status 2
Target //:gazelle failed to build
INFO: Elapsed time: 0.263s, Critical Path: 0.15s
INFO: 2 processes: 2 internal.
ERROR: Build did NOT complete successfully
ERROR: Build failed. Not running target
```

Reproduce the failure from the provided MODULE.bazel and BUILD.bazel files with `bazel run //:gazelle --verbose_failures`. Start with the GoLink command and its `/usr/bin/gcc` failure to locate `ld`, then trace the rules_go and Gazelle toolchain configuration involved. Done means the minimal Gazelle target builds and runs successfully on Go 1.20 or later.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.