Install libgdal-dev headers

One of our most common usage patterns for this image involves installing `rasterio` which requires the `libgdal-dev` headers to be installed. We should evaluate installing these headers in the base image. This would result in a larger image since we need to install `build-essential` (or most of it), but could reduce downstream build time and complexity.

Start by locating the Dockerfile or image-build entry point for the base image, then inspect how system packages are installed. Evaluate the image-size tradeoff of adding libgdal-dev and build-essential for rasterio users; done means the project has a documented decision and, if adopted, a reproducible image build reflecting it.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.