windows: Exceptions from asynchronous functions are not thrown correctly

Only synchronous exceptions are caught and displayed.
The following code fails to execute without any error message
```js
async function main() {
throw new Error()
}

main()
```

Run the supplied asynchronous JavaScript snippet on Windows with LLRT and inspect the runtime's asynchronous exception handling path. Done means the rejected async function produces an error message instead of failing silently, with behavior verified using the provided example.

Written by the indexing model from the issue text.